Understanding the Differences Between Grand Juries and Trial Juries

Introduction

In the United States legal system, both criminal and civil cases often involve the use of juries. However, there are two distinct types of juries with different roles and procedures: grand juries and trial juries (also known as petit juries).

Grand Juries: Gatekeepers to Criminal Indictments

A grand jury is a private body of citizens tasked with determining whether there is sufficient evidence to believe that an individual has committed a crime and should face trial. It is convened in preliminary criminal matters and operates behind closed doors to protect the privacy of individuals under investigation.

Trial Juries: Deciding Guilt or Innocence

In contrast, a trial jury is generally open to the public and determines the guilt or innocence of an individual accused of a crime. This jury is presented with evidence and arguments from both the prosecution and the defense and makes a decision based on the evidence presented during the trial.